The Effects of Smoking Cigarettes - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 668 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2019/02/05 Category Health Essay Level High school Tags: Smoking Essay Did you like this example? Smoking cigarettes has been one of the most popular addictions in the world that continues to get worse every day. Cigarettes contain thousands of toxins like tar and formaldehyde, but people still choose to smoke them and give their money to companies that benefit off their ill health. The addiction to the nicotine in cigarettes has such a hold on some people that they choose to ignore the harm they are doing to their bodies. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Effects of Smoking Cigarettes" essay for you Create order Research continues to be done about what cigarette smoke does to the human body and all of them show negative effects. Smoking cigarettes most commonly has major effects on the human heart, lungs, and reproductive organs. It does not matter how many cigarettes an individual smokes a day because each time the smoke is inhaled they are damaging major organs in their body, like the heart. Smoking cigarettes increases a person’s chance of getting many diseases and cardiovascular disease is one of them. West and Shiffman (2007) explained in their book, â€Å"This probably reflects the acute increase in risk of myocardial infarction on inhalation of smoke particles, independent of the length of the smoking history; the remainder of the excess risk arises from long-term damage to the vascular system† (Fast Fact: Smoking Cessation, p. 31). All these factors play into the risk of heart problems in a smoker’s future, but they are ignored when the addiction starts to play in. Each time a smoker inhales the toxic chemicals that make up a cigarette, they are damaging the inner lining of their heart and this increases the risk of them having a heart attack. Cigarettes cause the heart to race an d the long-term affect of this can lead to strokes due to blood clots. The lungs are also severely damaged when cigarette smoke is inhaled. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a result of smoking cigarettes and prolonged use leads to even worse symptoms. The two forms of COPD are chronic bronchitis and emphysema, both make it very hard to breathe and lead to death if the smoker is not serious about quitting the habit of smoking. West and Shiffman (2007) also explained, â€Å"In both cases, the smoker finds that he or she becomes breathless with the slightest exertion, and, as the disease progresses, the smoker experiences ‘exacerbations’ – bouts of serious respiratory distress in which breathing becomes extremely difficult† (Fast Fact: Smoking Cessation, p. 33). Quitting is the only option when a smoker has COPD and doctor visits of routine tests to make sure lung function increases. Lastly, smoking cigarettes can cause damage to both a man and woman’s reproductive organs. When a man smokes, his sperm count decreases. When a woman who smokes before or during pregnancy, it makes it harder for her reproductive organs to work right. This may lead to a miscarriage or a successful pregnancy with health problems for the infant later in life. The authors of a different book about smoking cigarettes state, â€Å"Exposure to tobacco smoke both before and after birth has been irrefutably shown to cause Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) in children of smokers† (The Price of Smoking (2004), p. 227). Other difficulties with smoking and reproduction include hormone instability and further difficulties with fertility even after quitting. The price that is paid to smoke cigarettes is not worth the health of the heart, lungs, and reproductive organs. Limiting the exposure to second hand smoke and cigarettes in general helps an individual’s health so much, but that is always easier for someone who does not smoke to say. When it comes to quitting this terrible habit of smoking cigarettes, one must believe that the outcome of a healthy life is worth the short time of annoyance. Quitting the habit will make for a happier self and healthier body inside and out. ? Works Cited Sloan, F. A., Conover, C., Ostermann, J., Taylor, D. H. J. (2004). The price of smoking. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral.proquest.com West, R., Shiffman, S. (2007). Fast Facts: Smoking Cessation. Retrieved from https://ebookcentral.proquest.c

People Have Different Learning Style - 851 Words

People have different learning style. According to the VAK Learning Style Indicators, my learning style is quite not clear which is tend to be physical but very close to visual and auditory. Because of in university or college even high school in some cases is very stressful. Student live in a very intensive environment, so it is very significant to let the student know what their learning style is. Let them concentrate on using the learning style that they good at. So, I am going to introduce my current learning style, the tasks I find which is the most easiest or difficult and the strategies I think it would be useful in university due to my learning style. I have a weird hobby that is in the theater, I will casually turn my head back to see how people would react when they watch movie. Perhaps this action shows the visual side that I tend to accept information. Another example, back to the time I started learning English, I have got no interest at all. The only thing I interested in is English music, some of them were really attracted me. Then I started learning those vocabularies from the lyrics while listening to the music, I have learned both pronunciation and general vocabulary. I believe this would show how auditory style works on me. Also, this example brought up the moment I learned to dance when I was little. Just imagine all the movement in my head while listening music then tell the dance instructor all those movements, she was very impressed. InShow MoreRelatedDifferent Learning Styles1314 Words   |  6 PagesDifferent Learning styles commonly Used by the PNTC marine Transportation students A thesis presented to the Under graduate studies PNTC Colleges In partial fulfillment Of the requirement for The research amp; thesis writing By: J’Bryan G. Santiago Ronkiel R. Serrano Dennis L. Garan Rod Carlo D. Agpalo Reggie Eridio Chapter I A. Introduction According to Kolb’s (1984) many people recognize that each person prefers different learning styles and techniques. Learning styles groupRead MoreStyles Of Learning Based On The Reseach Of Fernald, Keller,1246 Words   |  5 PagesStyles of Learning Based on the Reseach of Fernald, Keller, Orton, Gillingham, Stillman , Montessori and Neil D Fleming ABSTARCT This article helps the readers to understand the different learning styles like visual, auditory and kinesthetic, based on the research work of Fernald, Keller, Orton, Gillingham, Stillman , Montessori and Neil D Fleming. Learning styles are different approaches or ways of learning. Most people would have a preference to identifiable method of interacting with, takingRead MoreLearning Styles and Multiple Intelligences Essay examples917 Words   |  4 PagesDifferent learning styles are used by different people, with different levels of intelligence and ability. The different learning styles are visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. There are many others depending on who you ask, but those are the basic ones. Depending on how a person is raised, how they individually prefer to learn, and their learning ability. However, if a teacher uses the wrong learning style with a student, it may make the student feel like they cannot learn or that they are inferiorRead More Different Learning Styl es Essay1354 Words   |  6 PagesDifferent Learning Styles Students have different ways to learn. Some people are hands on learners or visual learners. Teachers try to adapt the way they teach; to the way their students learn the best. The information that is being taught should be made fun so that the students remember the information. Schools are also using new technology to help students learn. Different learning styles have different effects on people. Different learning styles are the talkRead MoreMultiple Intelligences Are a Guide to Understanding How People Learn868 Words   |  4 Pagesunderstanding how people learn. Everybody has a mind of his or own, so of course people learn differently. However, one learns his or her styles at a young age. For instance, â€Å"the theory of multiple intelligences says that individuals are born with the innate capacity to succeed in a particular domain, and education should help to identify and develop students innate capacities† (The Difference Between Multiple Intelligences and Learning Styles, 2014). Thus, learning styles are nurtured by whenRead MorePersonal Learning Style At School966 Words   |  4 PagesPeople are different in their own way. Just as people are different, their styles of learning are different in a way in which affects the way they learn and determines whether they can succeed. Every person finds out what learning style they adept well to as it he lps them achieve things much easier. Some students prefer to study at night before they go to bed. On the other hand, some students are more able to preserve more information if they study first thing in the morning, some people prefer toRead MoreThe People Processes New Information Based On Their Learning Styles892 Words   |  4 PagesPeople processes new information based on their learning styles. VAK learning styles are designed to describe how an individual processes information. VAK stands for Visual, Auditory and Kinesthetic. The VAK learning style uses these three senses in order to determine a person s dominate learning style. In theory, an individual usually prefers to learn through one of these senses more than another. Everybody, including your family members, friends and strangers may have the same or a differentRead MoreThe Effects Of Learning Styles, Visual, Aural And Kinesthetic Essay1459 Words   |  6 PagesEffects of Learning Styles As Benjamin Franklin once said, â€Å"Tell me and I forget. Teach me and I remember. Involve me and I learn.† Throughout the years many have studied how people learn. Knowing this, there are different types of learning. There are three types of learning styles, Visual, Aural and Kinesthetic according to The Twin Cycle Experimental Learning Model: Reconceptulizing Kolb’s Theory. (Avery, Gayle and Bergstiener, Herald. 2014). The observations done in the articles have proved theRead MoreLearning Styles- Theory of Multiple Intelligences Essay1078 Words   |  5 Pagesschool, class or learning facility. Whether it is at school, home or any other place that one would be taught a subject or lesson. While attending a class or lecture each person that is their to learn will grasp the concept of the lesson in a different way and gain a different amount of knowledge and understanding on the topic no matter what. This reason being is every one has a different way of learning. Just as each individual is different in their own way they also have a different way of gainingRead MoreMultiple Intelligences and Learning Styles996 Words   |  4 Pages Multiple Intelligences and Learning Styles Multiple Intelligences and Learning Styles In today’s society not everyone has heard of the theory of multiple intelligences however most people have heard of learning styles. Even in the education field, educators may not be able to correctly define both. Are multiple intelligences and learning styles two different names of the same thing? This paper will discuss their differences and similarities. According to Dunn, Denig, and Lovelace

Human Immunodeficiency Virus Hiv Essay - 1002 Words

Human Immunodeficiency Virus, HIV was first clinically observed in the United States in June 1981 in healthy young gay men, originating in Los Angeles, California. On June 5th 1981, the U.S. Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), quite quietly, published an article describing five cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in gay men in this region with two of the five already dead. This Morbidity and Morality Weekly Report (MMWR) issued by the CDC is the first reporting of the AIDS outbreak that was soon to follow. Once the report was issued, the CDC received 26b reports of similar cases of this pneumonia along with Kaposi’s Sarcoma (KS), a rare skin cancer, among the same demographic in New York and California. Because the disease was limited to the gay male population, and little was known about it besides the fact that it targeted the immune system, it was called GRID among the media standing for Gay- Related Immune Deficiency. By years end, 270 cases of sever e immune deficiency in gay males were reported with 121 already reported dead. In 1982, the term AIDS, Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome was first used by the CDC along with reporting a case definition to medical professionals and the public.a In the few years to follow, the CDC determined the other routes of HIV infection and transmission following discovery in infants and women and the World Heath Organization (WHO) got involved in the epidemic. By 1985, at least one case of HIV virus had beenShow MoreRelatedHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1359 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper explores the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The virus has infected two million adults and children by the year 2005 already. The virus continues to race around the world, and new HIV infections are at 50,000 per year (Martine Peeters, Matthieu Jung, Ahidjo Ayouba) (2013). The final outcome of the HIV infection is Acquired Immune Deficiency Synd rome (AIDS). There are many treatments that have developed to help the large numberRead MoreHiv And Human Immunodeficiency Virus Essay1208 Words   |  5 PagesHIV has been a pandemic that has affected the world relentlessly for many years in a never-ending circle. HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is the virus that is spread through certain bodily fluids and can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). HIV attacks the immune system by destroying CD4+ T cells, which leaves the person infected with HIV vulnerable to other infections, diseases, and other complications.1 Once this virus is acquired, the human can never fully rid itself of thisRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )884 Words   |  4 Pages(2010), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that affects the human immune system, leading to a chronic, progressive sickness that leaves people susceptible to opportunistic infections. When the body no longer can fight or resist infections, the conditi on is at this point referred to as AIDS, which means Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Averagely, it has been found to take more than ten years to develop from initial infection of HIV to AIDS. Though simple in description, HIV and AIDSRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )862 Words   |  4 Pagesshown that the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the cause of AIDS. More than 33.4 million people worldwide are infected with the HIV virus today. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency virus. HIV is a virus similar to that of the flu or common cold. The differentiating factor is that with the flu and cold, your body will eventually clear the virus out of your system, but with the HIV virus, the immune system cannot clear it. Getting HIV means you have it for life. The virus immediately beginsRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )948 Words   |  4 PagesThe Uses of Blood by the HIV Virus Blood-borne diseases have contributed greatly to poor health outcomes among individuals and communities. Though blood fulfills various functions to ensure our survival, it can also act as the mechanism through which we become diseased. Understanding the characteristics of such infectious diseases is essential to preventing further cases. In this paper I will discuss how the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uses blood to cause illness within the infected individualRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1261 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become more commonly seen in the world. It is important to show compassion rather than judging that patient based on a virus. The hygienist plays an important role in making the patient feel comfortable and in a judgment free environment. The patient should not feel as if the disease or virus defines the overall character of the patient. Standards precautions are still the same when treating all patients with or without a compromisingRead MoreHiv And Human Immunodeficiency Virus1205 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is HIV? HIV is a fatal disease which stands for â€Å"Human Immunodeficiency Virus† it is a failure to the immune system to protect the body from any infections. This virus causes a condition called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. When HIV is left untreated it leads to another disease called â€Å"AIDS†. It can occur in any age, race, sex or sexual orientation. The highest risk of contracting HIV is having unprotected sex and sharing needles with others. Another factor are people that have STI’s andRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )980 Words   |  4 Pages The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an immune system disorder that can be contracted through sexual activity as well as other types of contact. (Healthy Living, pg. 79) If left untreated this virus can turn into AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). AIDS is the final stage of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (aids.gov) AIDS is an incurable progressive disease that causes gradual destruction of CD4 T cells by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (Diseases, pg. 431) A healthyRead MoreHiv, Or Human Immunodeficiency Virus998 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion 1 HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, attacks the human immune system and greatly weakens the body’s ability to fight foreign invaders and infection. HIV first demanded notice in the early 1980s in the United States in homosexual men displaying illnesses like Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma. The disease was soon observed in IV drug users, hemophiliacs, and blood transfusion recipients, but became publicized as a â€Å"gay disease,† nicknamed by the media as GRID, or Gay-RelatedRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1349 Words   |  6 Pages Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retro virus that causes AIDs by infecting the T Helper cells of the body’s immune system. The AIDS virus is the final stages of the HIV virus. HIV is a lentivirus genus, which is a subgroup of the retrovirus that causes the AIDS virus. Even with proper treatment, an infected person has a life expectancy of less than ten years.As the virus weakens t he human immune systems, this effectleaves the patient compromised and at risk to opportunistic infections

1984 Doublethink Analysis - 1237 Words

The Role of Doublethink in The Government of 1984 â€Å" War is peace. Freedom is slavery. Ignorance is strength,†. The following quote originates from the infamous novel, 1984 by George Orwell. The significance of this popular quote was to display an example of the action of doublethink. Doublethink is the act of having two contradictory thoughts at the same time and believing both are true. Doublethink plays an influential role in the novel, 1984. The novel takes place in a super-state by the name of Oceania which covers the entire continents of our America in reality. The main character of this novel is Winston Smith, a thirty-nine year-old Party member who works at the Ministry of Truth correcting â€Å"errors† in past publication who has a†¦show more content†¦For the Party, the past not fixed and permanent; its reality is evident only in records,† (Becnel 11). Throughout the novel, it was often mentioned that the Party hired workers such as the mai n protagonist, Winston, to alter history the way they wanted it. If the Party has control over what was written down in history, they can easily manipulate their citizens to believe anything that they claim is true. This ability of control over history has also opened up the opportunity to alter the memories of the citizens of Oceania. Being able to control the memories of the people and causing them to believe one thing and another is an example of doublethink. The Party used doublethink in order to increase and strengthen their power over the citizens. Power is also a factor that revolves around the action of doublethink. Becnel mentions the importance of doublethink and power in his critic upon the novel, â€Å" Doublethink is the foundation on which the Partys power rests,† (Becnel 11). Becnel’s claim basically states that in order to maintain and strengthen their power, the Party must resort to doublethink in order to have better control of their citizens. Althoug h the Party has taken actions such as altering history and having a great amount of control over the people to express doublethink, they have also done expressed doublethink inShow MoreRelated1984 Doublethink Analysis1497 Words   |  6 Pages1984 Connection: In 1984, George Orwell illustrates a dystopian society in which he emphasizes the influential contribution of language to the psychological manipulation the Party imposes. Specifically, through the concept of Doublethink, Orwell highlights the ironic names of the Partys ministries as means to euphemize what they actually are. From the very beginning of the novel, it is revealed how the Party characterizes the faà §ade that The Ministry of Truth, which concerned itself with newsRead MoreComparison Of 1984 And Watership Down927 Words   |  4 PagesAt a glance, the two books I read over this summer, 1984 by George Orwell, and Watership Down by Richard Adams, are very different. After looking at similar themes and motifs, I found more similarities than I first thought I would. The authors present power dynamics and hierarchies in different ways, and they use that to show different points. There are more differences than similarities in these books, but the similarities may be surprisi ng. How does Big Brother control everybody? They controlRead More1984 Doublethink Essay885 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"War is peace, Freedom is slavery, Ignorance is strength,† (Orwell 26). In George Orwell’s book, 1984, the power of holding two contradictory beliefs in mind and being forced to accept them, is â€Å"doublethink†. The government of Oceania, also called the Party, uses psychological operant conditioning to brainwash their citizens to keep control over them. The truth can only be proven by consensus of majority meaning if millions believe it , they too should believe it. The act of thinking freely is consideredRead MoreCensorship, By George Orwell881 Words   |  4 Pages Censorship In George Orwell’s novel, 1984, the theme, censorship, greatly influences the storyline. Within the society, Oceania, the government censors everything from the newspapers to an individual s thoughts. Although, Oceania does not have any specific laws the citizens know that challenging the party, even with facial expressions, could result in punishment or possibly death. The prime reasoning behind censorship is control. In order to gain the ultimate control the Inner Party utilizesRead More1984 Discussion1069 Words   |  5 Pages1984 Discussion Questions 1. The world within which Winston lives is replete with contradictions. For example a, major tenet of the Partys philosophy is that War is Peace. Similarly, the Ministry of Love serves as, what we would consider, a department of war. What role do these contradictions serve on a grand scale? Discuss other contradictions inherent in the Partys philosophy. What role does contradiction serve within the framework of Doublethink? How does Doublethink satisfy the needs of TheRead MoreCritics of Novel 1984 by George Orwell14914 Words   |  60 Pages1984 In George Orwells 1984, Winston Smith wrestles with oppression in Oceania, a place where the Party scrutinizes human actions with ever-watchful Big Brother. Defying a ban on individuality, Winston dares to express his thoughts in a diary and pursues a relationship with Julia. These criminal deeds bring Winston into the eye of the opposition, who then must reform the nonconformist. George Orwells 1984 introduced the watchwords for life without freedom: BIG BROTHER IS WATCHING YOU. WrittenRead More1984 Propaganda1571 Words   |  7 Pages1984: Propaganda and Persuasion A) The 5 examples of different techniques of propaganda and persuasion from 1984 are: * Glittering Generality- emotionally appealing words that are applied to a product or idea, but present no concrete argument or analysis. * Ad Hominem- Attacking ones opponent, as opposed to attacking their arguments * Milieu Control- An attempt to control the social environment and ideas through the use of social pressure. * Bandwagon- Appeals attempt to persuadeRead MoreWar Is Peace And The Purpose Of The Ministry Of Love Essay2619 Words   |  11 PagesIn 1984, the world in which Winston lives is filled with contradictions, due to the party’s embrace of the doublethink philosophy, thus the contradictions in Oceania are omnipresent like the party is. Some examples of these contradictions take the form of the slogan that War is Peace and the purpose of the Ministry of Love. Doublethink is essentially â€Å"an unending series of victories over your own memory,† a form of â€Å"‘reality control’† that allows the party to manipulate the outer party members. TheRead MoreThe Dystopia By George Orwell2154 Words   |  9 PagesThe dystopia depicted in 1984 is a direct result of author George Orwell’s exposure to the oppressive regimes of his day. At the time of Orwell’s composition of the novel, authoritarian governments of the 1940s posed a real and danger ous threat to the free citizens of Europe. Much of what he saw in the Nazi and communist regimes inspired the Party, the government of Oceania, in his text 1984. The text argues that the effectiveness of an authoritarian regime depends on its ability to dehumanize itsRead MoreNineteen Eighty Four By George Orwell Essay1601 Words   |  7 Pageshad been aware of Winston s crimes all along; in fact, O Brien was assigned to watch Winston for the past seven years. O Brien spends the next few months torturing Winston in order to change his way of thinking - to employ the concept of doublethink, the ability to simultaneously hold two opposing ideas in one s mind and believe in both: the concept is critical to life in Oceanic society. Winston believes that the human mind must be free, and to remain free, it must be allowed to hold objective

Carrers In EAC Assignment 8 Essay - 1258 Words

Stephany Armstrong AC1406981 E01 – Careers In Early Childhood Education Assignment 8_08 01-08-2015 Scenario 1: Part AFredrick Frobel believed that children learn when they are lively and free. He also believed that children’s education should be based on their interests and their active involvement. An activity using Frobel’s’ parquet gifts for 3 – 5 year olds would need to be simple enough that they would be able to manipulate the pieces involved and complex enough to challenge their minds. To start our activity I would take thin pieces of wood about 10x10 inches. I would outline a very simple drawing of different animals on the pieces of wood. The children can use the parquet shapes to fill the animal in, or to trace the outline of the†¦show more content†¦Scenario 3: Letter Formation Drills Letters don’t have to be precise and artistic; they should be fairly constant and readable. They should not float like a balloon or sink below the line and should be formed from the top and not the bottom. Practice forming letters with letter formation drills promotes reading and writing for all children. Children with a visual impairment may have the materials modified. Use brightly colored pens with a black contrasting paper. Enlarge all workbook pages and lined paper, double lines work well for children with visual impairment. For children with epilepsy traditional approaches need to be modified. Some student struggle with motor skills as a result of their epilepsy and they are especially vulnerable to inattention and work incompletion. Further breaking down the letters into simpler steps has been proven to promote writing skills in a child with epilepsy. A few easy steps can be taken to ensure the classroom is suitable for hearing impaired students. When possible, turn off equipment that creates background noises, such as fans and projectors, when not in use. Eliminating extra noise helps students with hearing impairments focus on the class lecture and assignments. Remember that hearing aids amplify every sound, including tapping pencils and air conditioners. Area rugs and heavy curtains can also eliminate a great deal of extraneous noise. Stephany Armstrong AC1406981 E01 – Careers In Early

Motivate Employee free essay sample

Question 1 (30 marks) Read the case below and answer the questions that follow: Case: Is this any way to motivate employees? Click Commerce Inc. is a diversified software company whose solutions help manage and improve the business processes of multiple industry segments including, aerospace and defence, high-tech, logistics, manufacturing, healthcare, and e- commerce. Its Service Network Solutions division is the leading provider of software that locally manages and globally optimizes complex service networks across an xtended enterprise, including logistics and inventory. The companys solutions enable organizations to monitor materials flow in real-time and adapt quickly to changes, resulting in cost savings, faster customer service and a competitive advantage. Click Commerces offices are similar to other dot. com businesses † casual attire (normally Jeans and t-shirts), white boards everywhere for employees to write or sketch on, and an entertainment room with three pinball machines and six Daytona 500 simulators. The Chicago-based company was originally founded in 1996 as Click Interactive, Inc. We will write a custom essay sample on Motivate Employee or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page but changed its name to Click Commerce in December 1999 to better reflect its focus on the business-to-business e-commerce market. The CEO, Michael Ferro, one of the Top 40 Entrepreneurs under 40, has led the company through the difficulties of an Internet start-up to a successful initial public offering of stock in June 2000. However, his approach to motivation can be described as a bit unusual because it involves taking employees out of their normal work environment and equiring them to do something completely different as a form of punishment. Ferro believes that an occasional kick in the pants is good for employee motivation. He has created what he calls the penalty box for his programmers who are burned out or who act overly cocky. In reality, this is a temporary assignment † from a few weeks to a few months † in the companys sales department. While those chosen may see such a stint as a penalty, Ferro focuses on the positive † it gives isolated rogrammers new experiences and broadens their responsibilities. The punishment part of the box is that all salespeople, including programmers on temporary assignment, are required to wear professional business attire at all times. For programmers who are used to wearing the more typical Jeans and T-shirt, wearing suits and ties is somewhat humiliating. In addition, most programmers, who enjoy their insulated lifestyle, dont relish giving up the cloistered existence of working full-time on their computer and instead of writing oftware they have to call on customers. Put it in other words, they are acting as salespeople. This isnt easy for people who are used to interacting with a computer and who have chosen this profession to a large degree because of the Jobs independence and isolation. Although there is a stigma attached to being temporarily assigned to sales, some of the programmers do acknowledge the value of the assignment. For example, Jim Heising, admits he gained some valuable insights into customers while forced to

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

Question: Describe about idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Answer: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a respiratory disease where the development of scar tissue, or fibrosis, occurs in the pulmonary muscles, making them thicker and restricting the flow of oxygen into the bloodstream. Such blockage in pulmonary circulation leads to cerebral hypoxemia, along with hypoxia in the other body tissues, ultimately causing respiratory failure (Sarkavas et al., 2013). Emphysema implies accumulation of air in the alveolar sacs leading to their disruption and is one of the key symptoms of COPD (Chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder). Symptoms and triggers of CPFE have been found to be quite similar to that of COPD (smoking, viral infection, genetic defects), and pulmonary rehabilitation measures have been found to be quite useful in case of COPD patients (Das et al., 2013). However, such interventions havent shown any considerable success in the case of CPFE patients (Tomioka et al., 2016). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the benefits of aerobic retraining or respiratory exercising CPFE patients can derive, as an alternative to pulmonary rehabilitation. In this study, the subject is a 65-year old Caucasian man, suffering from CPFE, who has been an intensive smoker for almost four decades. He was reported to have developed several co-morbidities along with CPFE, including hypertension, type II diabetes and depression along with a long history of chronic bronchitis. A thoracic HRCT scan revealed intralobular thickening of the alveolar septum and interstitium, along with the loss of respiratory bronchioles indicating a combined syndrome of lower-lobe fibrosis with upper-lobe emphysema (Sarkavas et al., 2013). As an allied therapy of CPFE along with pulmonary rehabilitation, aerobic retraining program was carried out for four consecutive weeks, five days a week and two sessions per day, where each session lasted for up to 30 minutes. The retraining program comprised of an aerobic exercise session, which included exercising on a treadmill, followed by a breathing session, comprising of diaphragmatic breathing and respiratory muscle training. These sessions were being monitored continuously by measuring the heartbeat, dyspnoea level, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate and blood pressure of the patient (Jankowich Rounds, 2012). Elevated partial pressure of oxygen and reduced partial pressure of carbon-dioxide after exercising allowed for the reduction in the concentration of the long term oxygen therapy administered to the patient (2.5L/min was reduced to 1.5 L/min). This seems to have stemmed from the improved health of the patients respiratory muscles, which also augmented his exercising capacity. Also, systolic pressure in the pulmonary artery was shown to have improved, along with decreased dyspnoea, decreased post-exercise VAS and better performance (133% improvement) in the 6-minute walk test. However, no improvement in lung function was observed. In conclusion, it can be stated that this study has sufficiently demonstrated the beneficial effects of physical exercise on the psychological well-being and the quality of life of CPFE patients, while the role of pulmonary rehabilitation has not been discussed. This study conclusively established the short term benefits of aerobic training in CPFE patients, while long-term benefits need to be investigated through further research along with developing pulmonary rehabilitation programs specifically suited to the needs of CPFE patients. Development of additional exercise and treatment methodologies, together with aerobic training, is likely to be much more effective in giving new hope for the life of people with CPFE. References: Das, J., Murphy, D., Keane, M. P., Donnelly, S. C., Dodd, J. D., Butler, M. W., Mitchell, P. (2013). Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis With Emphysema Has A More Severe Response To Smoke Than Other Forms Of Usual Interstitial Pneumonia With Emphysema.Am J Respir Crit Care Med,187, A3732. Jankowich, M. D., Rounds, S. I. (2012). Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema syndrome: a review.CHEST Journal,141(1), 222-231. Sarkavas, J. A., Karkhanis, V. S., Joshi, J. M. (2013). Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema.Indian J Chest Dis Allied Sci,55, 97-99. Tomioka, H., Mamesaya, N., Yamashita, S., Kida, Y., Kaneko, M., Sakai, H. (2016). Combined pulmonary fibrosis and emphysema: effect of pulmonary rehabilitation in comparison with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.BMJ open respiratory research,3(1), e000099.